145 Interpretation of section 144

145  Interpretation of section 144

(1)     This section has effect for the interpretation of the references in section 144 to the institution of proceedings or their conclusion without the master or owner of a ship being convicted of an offence under section 131.

(2)     For the purposes of section 144 in its application to England and Wales—

(a)     proceedings for an offence under section 131 are instituted—

(i)     when a justice of the peace issues a summons or warrant under section 1 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 in respect of the offence;

[(ia)     when a [relevant prosecutor] issues a written charge and requisition in respect of the offence;]

(ii)     when a person is charged with the offence after being taken into custody without a warrant;

(iii)     when a bill of indictment is preferred under section 2(2)(b) of the Administration of Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1933; and

(b)     proceedings for the offence are concluded without the

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