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VAT definition

Common assault and battery

Common assault and batteryThe offences of common assault and batteryTechnically, the offences of assault and battery are separate summary offences. An assault is committed when the defendant intentionally or recklessly causes another to apprehend immediate and unlawful violence and battery is

Defects liability period and rectification of defects

Defects liability period and rectification of defectsIt is common in construction projects for defects to manifest or appear in the works. Most construction contracts require the contractor to return to site to rectify (also known as ‘make good’) defects which arise or are discovered during a

Negligence—when is the duty of care breached?

Negligence—when is the duty of care breached?Having established that a duty of care exists (see Practice Note: Negligence—when does a duty of care arise?), it is then necessary to consider whether or not there has been a breach of that duty. This will depend on a number of factors outlined below and