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Proprietary estoppel

Proprietary estoppelThis Practice Note considers proprietary estoppel from a generic standpoint.For industry specific guidance on proprietary estoppel, see Practice Notes:•Estoppel and property law•Mortgages by estoppelProprietary estoppel—what is it?Unlike the other forms of estoppel (see Practice

VAT definition

Fraud by false representation

Fraud by false representationFraud by false representationFraud by false representation applies to a broader range of conduct than the offences under the preceding legislation (the Theft Act 1968 (TA 1968)). No gain or loss need actually be made, and no deception need operate on the mind of the

Resulting trusts

Resulting trusts represent one of the three types of trust which do not require to be declared or evidenced in writing. The others are constructive and implied trusts, although it is perhaps doubtful whether there is any form of implied trust which is not in fact either a resulting trust or a