Metadata Definition

GLOSSARY

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What does Metadata mean?

Defined in civil procedure rules 1998, SI 1998/3132, pt 31, PD 31B, para 5(7) as 'data about data'. In the case of an electronic document, metadata is typically embedded information about the document which is not readily accessible once the native electronic document has been converted into an electronic image or paper document.

It may include (for example) the date and time of creation or modification of a word processing file, or the author and the date and time of sending an email. Metadata may be created automatically by a computer system or manually by a user.

View the related checklists about Metadata

Considerations and next steps for victims of fraud—checklist

Considerations and next steps for victims of fraud—checklist This Checklist is designed to assist individuals and companies who suspect they have been a victim of fraud. It considers the immediate steps they should take to gather and preserve evidence, obtain legal advice, mitigate and reduce risk and obtain emergency or urgent relief (such as freezing orders and insurance cover), including whether it is necessary to report a suspected fraud to the police and how to do so using the Action Fraud service. It also addresses the choice between issuing civil and criminal proceedings for fraud and explains the possibility of running a civil fraud claim in parallel with a criminal prosecution (private or public). This Checklist should be read in conjunction with the Practice Notes: • Starting a civil fraud claim—a practical guide • Civil fraud—heads of claim • Civil fraud—frequently asked questions (FAQ) • Commencing criminal proceedings—applying for the issue of a summons • Fraud—civil claim and private criminal prosecution compared For full guidance on fraud offence under criminal...

Electronic disclosure—checklist

Electronic disclosure—checklist Electronic disclosure under the disclosure scheme This Checklist does not cover the obligation of a party to disclose electronic documents under CPR PD 57AD which regulates disclosure under the disclosure scheme applicable to most claims proceeding in the Business and Property Courts. CPR PD 31B has no application to such claims which have an entirely separate arrangement for the disclosure of documents including electronic documents. For guidance on the disclosure of documents under the disclosure scheme, see Practice Note: Disclosure scheme—complying with orders for extended disclosure. The remainder of this Practice Note covers disclosure in claims to which CPR 31 and CPR PD 31B apply. Definition of electronic documents ‘Electronic Document’ is defined in CPR PD 31B, para 5 as being ‘any document held in electronic form’. The definition goes on to give examples of the types of documents within this definition such as text messages, word-processed documents and databases, as well as documents stored on devices such as memory sticks and mobile phones. Although the definition is...

Disclosure—processing documents

This Practice Note sets out the general principles that apply when processing and reviewing documents for disclosure under CPR 31, including CPR PD 31B and the overriding objective.This Practice Note does not cover the disclosure scheme operating in the Business and Property Courts. For guidance on that scheme, see: Disclosure scheme—overview.Processing—general principlesOnce documents have been obtained from a client and other possible sources, you need to determine whether they are disclosable. The extent to which documents are, will largely depend on the court and track in and on which your claim is proceeding and any disclosure order made by the court. For further guidance, see: Track specific case management—overview and Court-specific case management—overview.If you have not already done so, consider any obligations under the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation, Retained Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the UK GDPR) and the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018) in relation to the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data. Typically, evidence involved in the disclosure process will include personal...

Disclosure—standard disclosure and the reasonable search

This Practice Note provides guidance on conducting a reasonable search for standard disclosure under CPR 31.7. It answers the following key questions on disclosure under the rules: ‘What is standard disclosure?’, ‘What is a document?’ and ‘What is a reasonable search?’ in terms of meaning, relevance, reasonableness and control by reference to the overriding principles.Business and Property Court claimsThis Practice Note does not cover the provisions of the disclosure scheme operating in the Business and Property Courts. For guidance, see: Disclosure scheme—overview.Claims started on or after 1 October 2015 in the Business and Property Courts may be suitable for and/or be subject to one or both of the schemes operating under CPR PD 57AB, namely the shorter trials scheme and/or the flexible trials scheme. For more information on these schemes in the context of disclosure, see Practice Notes: Business and Property Courts—shorter trials scheme—Disclosure under the shorter trials scheme and Business and Property Courts—flexible trials scheme—Disclosure under the flexible trials scheme.What is standard disclosure?CPR 31.6 stipulates that an order for...

Discover our 81 Practice Notes on Metadata

Draft memo for client about disclosure and privilege

Draft memo for client about disclosure and privilege This precedent draft memo should be read (and potentially be sent) with the relevant precedent draft letter to your client about disclosure: • Draft letter to client about disclosure—small claims track • Draft letter to client about disclosure Confidential and privileged [insert date] [insert addressees: [insert addressees: senior managers/relevant employees and former employees/IT managers]] [[insert case heading] OR [description of the case if pre-action]] [[We] OR [the company]] may face a legal dispute concerning [insert matter/transaction subject of dispute]. If the dispute is not resolved, it is likely that we will be obliged to disclose relevant documents, including electronic records, that are or have been in [[our] OR [the company’s]] control, whether they are helpful to our case or not. However, certain relevant documents are protected from being inspected (that is to say, actually seen) by [our opponent OR name of opponent]. These include documents that are ‘privileged’, such as certain confidential communications between [[us] OR [the...

International data transfer—data recipient questionnaire

International data transfer—data recipient questionnaire The purpose of this questionnaire is to facilitate our assessment of the level of protection applying to the data we [intend to ]transfer to your organisation. We have completed section 1. We request that you check the information in section 1 and complete sections 2 to 5. 1 Details of data transfer This section has been completed by the data exporter but should be checked by the data recipient and amended as required. Data exporter [State which organisation is the data exporter—this could be an entity within a group structure] Data recipient [Identify the data recipient] What is the status of the data recipient in relation to the proposed transfer? ☐ Controller☐ Processor What type of organisation is the data recipient? ☐ Public sector organisation☐ Private sector organisation☐ Other [provide further information] Will the recipient share the data with any other parties, eg sub-processors? ☐ Yes☐ NoIf yes, please complete a questionnaire for all parties to the transfer Where is the data being transferred to? [Insert] Data or classes...

Dive into our 11 Precedents related to Metadata

How do I approach using photographs sourced from the Internet?

How do I approach using photographs sourced from the Internet? Copyright in photographs The Internet may be perceived as an extensive free photo bank to most lay users but permission is usually required to use a photo obtained on line. Most original photographs qualify for copyright protection as artistic works. Photographs that qualify for protection are usually those where individual choices have been made on visual effects or composition: just pushing the button might not do it (but it might if you are in 'the right place at the right time'). For more information on whether copyright subsists in a photograph, see Practice Notes: The scope of photographic copyright and Copyright—subsistence and qualification. Find the owner If you see a photograph in a hard copy publication you should contact the publisher in order to check the status of the photograph and as a starting point for licensing its use. For users who find photographs (digital images) online, for example on social networking sites such as Google+, Flickr, Facebook and Twitter,...

What does the Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies identify as the current digital technology trends?

What does the Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies identify as the current digital technology trends? In 2021, nonfungible tokens (NFTs), digital humans and physics-informed AI were added to the 25 breakthrough technologies on Gartner’s emerging technologies hype cycle. These are the technologies identified as likely to have the most significant effect on business and society over the next two-to-ten years. The Hype Cycle (GHC) was initially published in 1995 by the information technology firm, Gartner, whereby a research group would collate notable analysis that highlighted recurrent patterns of ‘hype’ arising from new technologies or other innovations within the digital market. Essentially, the GHC reflects a graphic snapshot of how patterns of trends fluctuate, evolve and aid companies with managing their respective business targets efficiently. The emerging technologies GHC maps technologies on a curve, showing market expectation as against the predicted timescales within which they are expected to go from ‘Innovation Trigger’ to ‘Plateau of Productivity’, and mapping where each technology sits in relation to that timetable....

See the 5 Q&As about Metadata

TMT weekly highlights—21 November 2024

Welcome to this week’s edition of the TMT weekly highlights: a hand-picked summary of news analysis, updates and new content from across the technology, media and telecoms sectors. These highlights focus on key topics including new technologies, software, cloud computing, internet, outsourcing, music, film & television, publishing, defamation and telecoms.

Ofcom releases discussion paper on applications of generative AI

Ofcom has published discussion paper on the applications of generative AI. It examines the generative AI applications and impacts generative AI has on users' lives, analysing where shifts may occur, what the opportunities and risks could be and how platforms, the media literacy sector and users could respond. The paper also discusses four routes to mitigate harmful deepfakes, namely adopting measures such as prompt filters to prevent the creation of certain types of deepfakes, attaching contextual information to synthetic media through tools including watermarks, provenance metadata and labels, making efforts to distinguish real from fake content, and setting clear rules about the types of synthetic content that can be created and shared on online services.

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GLOSSARY