Intention Definition

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GLOSSARY

What does Intention mean?

A person directly intends those consequences which he desires to bring about by his acts, whether or not they will be likely to follow; a person obliquely intends those consequences which are virtually certain to result from his acts and which he knows are virtually certain so to result.

“Intention” is an element of many criminal offences, but it does not have a consistent meaning. There is no difficulty in cases where the defendant desires or wants to bring about a consequence by his acts; in such a case he directly intends that consequence, and how likely it is to occur is irrelevant. Where, however, the defendant may not have desired the consequence but may have foreseen it as a by-product of his action, he may be found to have intended that consequence, but only (it appears) if that result was a virtually certain consequence of his acts and he knew this to be so.

View the related checklists about Intention

Considerations and next steps for victims of fraud—checklist

Considerations and next steps for victims of fraud—checklist This Checklist is designed to assist individuals and companies who suspect they have been a victim of fraud. It considers the immediate steps they should take to gather and preserve evidence, obtain legal advice, mitigate and reduce risk and obtain emergency or urgent relief (such as freezing orders and insurance cover), including whether it is necessary to report a suspected fraud to the police and how to do so using the Action Fraud service. It also addresses the choice between issuing civil and criminal proceedings for fraud and explains the possibility of running a civil fraud claim in parallel with a criminal prosecution (private or public). This Checklist should be read in conjunction with the Practice Notes: • Starting a civil fraud claim—a practical guide • Civil fraud—heads of claim • Civil fraud—frequently asked questions (FAQ) • Commencing criminal proceedings—applying for the issue of a summons • Fraud—civil claim and private criminal prosecution compared For full guidance on fraud offence under criminal...

Notice of general meeting or annual general meeting—checklist

Notice of general meeting or annual general meeting—checklist Who is entitled to receive notice of general meeting or annual general meeting? Notice of the general meeting (GM) or annual general meeting (AGM) must be sent to: • every member of the company, ie those appearing on the register of members (including those entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a member, if the company has been notified of their entitlement) • every director of the company, and • the company’s auditors Check the company’s articles in particular for provisions relating to: • giving notices to joint, untraceable or overseas shareholders, and • cut-off dates by which time a member needs to be registered on the register of members to receive a notice. Where a company's shares are held in CREST, a member must be registered in the register of members at least 21 days before the date the notice is sent Form of notice Notice of a GM must be given: • in hard copy...

Specific and basic intent

Intention refers to the outcome sought by the defendant. Offences may be described as either ones of ‘basic intent’ or of ‘specific intent’. The Court of Appeal has described this distinction as ‘elusive’. The Court nevertheless provided the following definition of specific intent:‘Crimes of specific intent are those where the offence requires proof of purpose or consequence, which are not confined to, but amongst which are included, those where the purpose goes beyond the actus reus (sometimes referred to as cases of “ulterior intent”).’The Court also approved the reasoning that:‘[A] distinction is to be made between (i) intention as applied to acts considered in relation to their purposes and (ii) intention as applied to acts apart from their purposes. A general intent attending the commission of an act is, in some cases, the only intent required to constitute the crime while, in others, there must be, in addition to that general intent, a specific intent attending the purpose for the commission of the act.’Put simply, offences of specific intent require...

Intoxication and mistake

IntoxicationGeneral defences are those which arise from specific characteristics of the defendant or the circumstances of the offence which mean that the prosecution cannot prove all the elements of the offence. The investigating officer is under a duty to investigate crime impartially and fairly and so evidence supporting a defence should be collected and retained in the same way as evidence of the offence. Some offences are subject to specific statutory defences but the general defences should be considered in every case.Strictly speaking, intoxication, whether voluntary or involuntary is not defence to a crime per se.Specific intentWhere an offence requires specific criminal intent, voluntary intoxication may be sufficient to show that the accused could not have formed the requisite intent to commit the offence. The specific criminal intent required is that of bringing about a particular consequence at the time of the criminal action. If the accused was so drunk that they could not form a specific intention to bring about a particular consequence, then they would have a defence...

Discover our 4412 Practice Notes on Intention

Letter serving application in Form A on mortgagee in financial proceedings

Letter serving application in Form A on mortgagee in financial proceedings [insert mortgagee name] [insert mortgagee address] Dear [insert organisation name] Our client: [insert client’s name] [Property OR Land] address: [insert address of property or land] [ [Property OR Land] title number: [insert title number]] Your reference: [insert reference number] We represent [insert client’s name] in divorce and financial proceedings. [client's name]’s [former] [husband OR wife], [insert name], [is represented by [insert name and address of other party’s solicitors] OR acts in person]. We understand that you have a charge secured against the above detailed [property OR land], which forms part of the matrimonial assets. We confirm that our client has instructed us to make an application to the court for a financial order, including for an order in relation to the [property OR land] detailed above. We enclose a copy of the

Board minutes—private M&A—share purchase—completion—target

Board minutes—private M&A—share purchase—completion—target Company number: [insert company number] [insert company name] [LIMITED OR PLC] Minutes of a meeting of the board of directors (the Meeting) of [insert company name] [Limited OR PLC] (the Company) Held at [insert place of meeting] Held on [insert day, month and year of meeting] at [insert time of meeting][am OR pm] Present: [Insert names of the director(s) physically present][[Insert names of any directors present by telephone as permitted by the Company’s articles of association] (by telephone)] [[Insert names of any directors present by other means permitted by the Company’s articles of association] (by [insert other means]] [ In attendance: ] [[Insert name of anyone in attendance, who does not count towards the quorum for the Meeting (eg the company secretary, any legal advisers)]] [ Apologies: ] [[Insert names of any directors who are unable to attend the Meeting]] 1 Chair, notice and quorum [insert name] was appointed Chair of the Meeting. The Chair reported that due...

Dive into our 549 Precedents related to Intention

Under section 2(1) of the draft Insurable Interest Bill, is there a need for a life insured at the outset of the Policy to be valid? Does section 2(5) allow for categories of lives being insured, even if there are not lives in these categories? Does section 2(5) apply to all life policies or group life policies?

Under section 2(1) of the draft Insurable Interest Bill, is there a need for a life insured at the outset of the Policy to be valid? Does section 2(5) allow for categories of lives being insured, even if there are not lives in these categories? Does section 2(5) apply to all life policies or group life policies? For the purposes of this Q&A, it has been assumed that the question is are referring to the Insurable Interest Bill dated June 2018. In conducting our research we have focussed on the Insurable Interest Bill dated June 2018. For this answer, we refer you to the following resources: • June 2018 Draft Insurable Interest Bill • June 2018 Accompanying notes to the draft Insurable Interest Bill Under section 2(1) of the draft Insurable Interest Bill, does there need to be a life insured at the outset of the Policy to be valid? Section 2(1) of the draft Insurable Interest Bill (the Bill) states: ‘A contract of life-related insurance is void unless at...

How does the decision of Herefordshire Council v Rohde [2016] UKUT 39 (LC) clarify how a local authority's declaration as to whether a property is a house in multiple occupation (HMO) is challenged?

How does the decision of Herefordshire Council v Rohde [2016] UKUT 39 (LC) clarify how a local authority's declaration as to whether a property is a house in multiple occupation (HMO) is challenged? Under section 255 of the Housing Act 2004 (HA 2004), a local authority (LA) is provided with a power to make a house in multiple occupation (HMO) order. The tests for establishing whether a property is a HMO or not is provided by HA 2004, s 254, however, where a property does not fulfil the tests contained within ss 254(2), 254(3), 254(4) or 254(5), then the LA retains a power to declare the property to be an HMO, provided they reasonably believe that the property has 'significant use' as an HMO (HA 2004, s260). For more information of the classification of HMOs, please see our Practice Note: Houses in multiple occupation (HMOs). The designation of a property as a HMO, as was the case in Herefordshire Council v Rohde [2016] UKUT 39 (LC) (Rohde), may be...

See the 1579 Q&As about Intention

Competition weekly highlights—12 December 2024

This week's edition of Competition weekly highlights includes, from a UK perspective: (1) the CMA’s decision to launch an investigation into the construction and roofing sector regarding suspected bid rigging, (2) the CMA’s decision to launch a consultation on Vifor’s commitments to end its abuse probe into disparaging treatment in the iron treatment market, (3) publication by the CMA of an update report on the Rail, Road and Inland Waterway Transport Block Exemption, (4) the CMA’s phase 2 decision to conditionally clear Vodafone/CK Hutchison JV, (5) the Controlled Foreign Companies (Reversal of State aid Recovery) Regulations 2024 to enter into force on 31/12/2024, (6) publication by the CMA of new procedural rules and guidance for water references, and (7) publication by the DBT’s of two subsidy control principles assessment guides for public authorities. This week's highlights also includes, from an EU perspective: (1) the Court of Justice’s judgment in a national reference from Latvia concerning Article 101 TFEU restrictions in car warranties, and (2) the Commission’s announcement that it has...

Life Sciences weekly highlights—12 December 2024

This week's edition of Life Sciences weekly highlights includes news analyses by Venner Shipley LLP that the Patents Court has upheld uniQure’s patent against Pfizer’s revocation action. Also included, is news that the UK Judiciary has examined the potential impacts of artificial intelligence on the justice system and intellectual property law, the revised Product Liability Directive entered into force on 8 December 2024, the EMA/HMA have issued comprehensive guidelines on drug Shortage Mitigation Plans and Shortage Prevention Plans, a £16m joint funding boost has been dedicated to the updated UK-Swiss science and research partnership, the European pharmaceutical industry published its 2024 pipeline review and has put forward nine recommendations aimed at optimising the EU’s forthcoming Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (FP10), the ABPI released its annual report on clinical trials in the UK, and news that the CMA launched a consultation to address concerns that Vifor Pharma (Vifor) abused its dominant position by making misleading claims about a competitor’s intravenous iron treatment, among other news.

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